Trigonelline is an NAD-increasing molecule naturally found in coffee, fenugreek, and the human body. Preclinical models show trigonelline increases mitochondrial activity and supports muscle function during aging.

Insulin has been found to regulate the quality control of mitochondria in neurons, which has implications for cognitive health

Healthy and rapid agers had clear differences in their metabolomes, indicating that metabolites in the blood could reflect biological age.

Researchers find that the body's inability to turn off stress responses in brain cells may kill neurons and contribute to neurodegenerative conditions.