Dietary nitrate improved the functioning of the diaphragm in aging mice, which is involved in coughing, breathing, and clearing the lungs; this could improve lung health in the elderly if replicated in humans.

The enzyme NSD2 is thought to prevent cellular senescence, which is when cells stop dividing and accelerate aging, by maintaining both cell growth and serum response.

Aging-related microglial overactivation was reversed by BDNF perfusion in aging mice. BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) promotes neural growth but declines with age or dementia.

Anacardic acid, found in cashew shells, promotes the repair of myelin, the protective sheath surrounding nerves, by increasing production of Interleukin-33, which induces myelin formation.