Neurofilament light chains (NfL) are a biomarker of neurodegeneration, which can detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) sooner. NfL levels increase with age and in people with increased genetic risk of AD.

Reducing salt intake to the recommended daily amount (2300 mg) improved gut health through increased levels of short-chain fatty acids, which are crucial for healthy gut bacteria to thrive.

Diabetes increases the risk of cognitive decline, partly due to reductions in NAD+ levels. NMN boosts NAD+ levels and preserves cognition and brain function in diabetic mice.

Defective T cells speed up aging when defective due to mitochondrial dysfunction, which increases risk of infection. Providing NAD+ or inflammation-suppressing drugs improved health markers in mice.