Circadian rhythm disruption plus chronic stress can lead to metabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Shift work, jet lag, or repeated inadequate sleep can disrupt the hormones associated with circadian rhythm.

Insufficient sleep was linked to increased heart disease risk and quicker signs of biological aging. Those who slept less than 5 hours per night were twice as likely to have shortened telomeres.

Depression has been linked to increased odds of having heart disease or stroke. Risk increased by 24% with each additional level of depression severity, according to a study of 11,000 adults with depression.

Aging in the brain can be accelerated by reduced heart health. Cardiovascular aging can reduce the supply of energy and blood to the brain, which can lead to brain dysfunction.